CO2 Cryo Jet Permanent Installation - Safety Guide

ATLANTA SPECIAL FX
CO₂ CRYO JET SAFETY GUIDE
Prepared by: Safety Manager, Atlanta Special FX
Last Updated: July 01, 2024

SITE-SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY DISCLAIMER

The guidance provided in this document is based on best practices developed by Atlanta Special FX over years of safe operations. However, every venue is different, and site-specific conditions—including ventilation, stage layout, proximity to audience, and local regulations—must be assessed individually. It is the responsibility of each installer, technician, or production manager to create a site-specific safety plan that aligns with venue policies, local code, and their own risk assessment protocols. These suggestions are not a substitute for venue rules, regulatory mandates, or individual accountability.

PURPOSE

This document outlines the safe installation, operation, and monitoring of CO₂ cryo jet systems in environments where humans, animals, or plant life may be present. Atlanta Special FX is committed to the highest standards of safety and environmental awareness in all of our operations.

CO₂ OVERVIEW

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) used in cryo effects is stored as a liquid and expelled under high pressure to create a dramatic fog plume. While visually safe, CO₂ displaces oxygen and can pose a suffocation risk in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas. It can also cause cold burns on direct contact.

GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

✅ DO:

Always install cryo jets in well-ventilated or open environments.
Use CO₂-rated PPE (gloves, goggles) during setup and takedown.
Maintain a minimum clearance radius of 15 feet around each nozzle from people and animals.
Limit each CO₂ jet blast duration to 1-3 seconds maximum.
(Recommended) Use DMX-controlled firing systems with lockouts and arming indicators.
Post warning signs for all crew and performers within proximity of jets.
Ensure cylinders are upright, chained, and fitted with pressure-rated fittings and hoses.
Monitor for signs of CO₂ pooling in low-lying areas.
Never install jets directly above people or over water-sensitive areas—CO₂ discharge creates condensation that can drip and cause slipping, discomfort, or equipment damage.

❌ DO NOT:

Fire jets directly toward humans, animals, or plant beds.
Operate jets in enclosed spaces without continuous ventilation or CO₂ monitoring.
Attempt to handle or disconnect hoses while system is live or pressurized.
Place jets near flammable materials or electronics not rated for condensation.

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

HUMANS

CO₂ can cause dizziness, unconsciousness, or respiratory distress at high concentrations.
Use personal gas monitors in confined venues or arenas.
Avoid pointing jets at eye level or firing directly across stage pathways.
Brief performers and crew on jet timing and hazard zones.

ANIMALS

Never fire jets near pets, performance animals, or service animals.
Animals are more sensitive to temperature changes and high-pressure noise.
Use visual cues or barriers to keep animals away from CO₂ discharge paths.

PLANTS

Prolonged exposure to CO₂ can damage plant tissues.
Do not place jets near ornamental or live plant arrangements.

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

Secure all jet bases to prevent tipping or hose tension. If installed to ceiling or wall use safety cables to ensure units cannot fall.
Use high-pressure CO₂ hose with crimped fittings only.
Route hose lines to avoid foot traffic and tripping hazards.
Label all jets and hoses with “CO₂ - High Pressure”.
Avoid installing jets directly over audience areas, performers, or sensitive gear where condensation may cause slipping or water damage.

OPERATION PROTOCOL

Always perform a pre-show system test and leak inspection.
Verify that emergency shutoff access is maintained at all times.
Assign a dedicated FX operator with remote control over jet activation.
Use a "Ready, Armed, Fire" verbal confirmation system on cues.
Each blast should last no more than 3–5 seconds to reduce oxygen displacement and condensation buildup.
In the event of a suspected CO₂ leak, shut down immediately and evacuate if necessary.

POST-EVENT PROCEDURES

Ventilate the area to allow lingering CO₂ to dissipate.
Check cylinders for frost buildup or weight loss indicating leaks.
Log the number of discharges and remaining contents for tracking.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

If someone is exposed and becomes dizzy or unconscious, evacuate them to fresh air immediately and call emergency services.
Use an oxygen monitor and have first aid-trained staff on standby.
Report all incidents to the Safety Manager and file an Incident Report Form within 24 hours.

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

All operators should complete CO₂ Jet Safety Certification
On-site safety briefings should be conducted with all current and new operators.
Only trained personnel may connect/disconnect CO₂ cylinders or service jets.

CONTACT

Michael Willett
Owner / Lead Operator

Safety Division – Atlanta Special FX
“Breathtaking effects, never breathless safety.”